A Critical Analysis of ‘Black Skin White Masks’ By Frantz Fanon

            

              

Introduction

             Frank Fanon was born on 20 July 1925 or died on 6 December. Fanon wrote Black skin white mask book an analysis of the psychological effects of colonial people identified as black. Black skin white mask is a sociological study of the psychology of racism and dehumanization inherent to colonial domination. The black man wants to be a white man. The white man slaves to be reach a human level. Fanon describes that Black people experience in the White world. The white people hate the black people, they suffer a lot. Black skin, White Mask’ - This book divided in many chapters. Each chapter has its own importance.

”The Black Man and Language “

                  

                   

             This chapter deals with the language of white people. The Language of White people is in center and Language of Black people is in periphery. Black people have to learn the language of White people. That if a black person does not learn the white man’s language perfectly, he is unintelligent.

The Women of color and the Whiteman

          

             The effect of white people also touched to the society. Black Woman also wished the White Skin which White woman has. How desire of “Whiteness” is more in the Black woman. Because of that many “Fairness cream” and their industries grow faster and faster.

             The colonized women look down on their own. Race and deep down want to be white. In “The Bluest Eye “of “Toni Morrison” we find a black girls desire fun the blue eyes of white men and woman.

The Man of the Color and the White  Women

             A white female just because he was raised around whites so he seemed less black. They go with them not out of love but to deal with their own race. Men want to be white too-or at least prove they are equal to whites. Here a black man wants to join white women.  Prejudices that make him not want to join a white man’s world. Whites represent wealth, beauty, intelligence and virtue. White people have rules over Black people and they have shaped that idea that whiteness is symbol of Goodness.

The So-called Dependency Complex of the colonized peoples

              The writer argues against Fanon’s view that people of color have a deep desire for white rule, that those who oppose it to do not have a secure sense of self that they have a chip on their shoulder. That people of color have a deep desire for white rule, that those who oppose it to do not have a secure sense of self that they have a chip on their shoulder. And White Saviors all come from the need of white people to feel that their power in society is good and not racist.

The lives experience of the Blackman

        Chapter-5 Fanon’s works influenced movement of the Palestinian, African- American and others.  Fanon argues about Blackness and his struggle endured such the psychologically alimental effects of colonialism. “Black skin or white Mask “is book about the mindset of racism. Fanon expresses his feeling of inferiority and says, “Sin is Black as Virtue is White”

  “Dirty nigger!” Or simply, “Look, a Negro!”

The Blackman and Psychopathology

              Black men are viewed as a body which makes them seem like mindless, violent sexual, animal beings. Bad meanings that the word “Black. Part it has to do with white men’s repressed homosexuality and their strange hang-ups about black men’s penises.

The Negro and Recognition

       Last chapter was divided into 2 sections, The negro Adler” or “The negro and the Hegel” 

 

Section-“The Negro Adler”

                                                                      

  Adler was understand someone not through his words and action. Fanon applies Adler’s personality theory to the ‘Antillean Negro’

 Different styles of white rule shaped black people in America.

 Section B- “The Negro and the Hegel”

                                                   

 Hegel used their idea as a jumping off point to understand the black from island Martinique. The ‘Hegelian dialectic’ offers Fanon argues an explanation of what distinguishes “human reality” from “natural reality".

Way of conclusion    

       The escaping the prison of one’s past and one’s race. Fanon throughout the book deals with the inner struggle of black when they were colony ‘the black man and language’ deals with language. They want not only to turn white but also to avoid slipping back.

             Frantz work present hybridists, syncretistic, creolizing, national and religious peculiarity, abrogation, appropriation. The Black people’s experience in the white world.

Blacks were born with original sin, whites were born pure. Negro is the universalizing himself.

“Oh my body, make me always man who questions….”

    

My view about the Orientalism Edward; said analysis

Introduction

           Edward Said was a born 1 November 1935 and died 25 Sep 200. He was a Palestinian American literary theorist and famous critic theorist in Post colonial literature.  He was educated in Cairo before continuing his studies&developing his career in America. He was professor in English literature. Book ‘‘Orientalism’’  was published in 1997.   Orientalism is all about imaginative or problem of society, political, religion and that is a material age of Orientlism. If they can have most important of the ‘‘Orient’’ or ‘‘Occident’’ it’s connected with east or west part of the world. Edward was challenging the concept of "East" or "West" country and they have clarify to the society.

Edward Said; Orientalism

                                              

        "Orientalism can be discuss and analysis and corporation for institution for dealing with orient or dealing it by making statement about it authorizing view of it, describing it, by stealing it, ruling over it: in short Orientalism as a western style for dominating and for and have authority over the Orient."

    

           The term “Orientalism” derived from Latin word east. Orientalism is irrational, power of structure, it is more important of the view. There are most important theme White man burden linguistic of the way. Edward Said is the European or American people thinking, political issue or Orientalism. Two theme followed by Knowledge and power. Orientalism is not an airy European fantasy about an orient, but a created body of theory and practice in which, for many generations, there has been a considerable material investment. Orientalism divided in two part of “Ours” and “Their” are consequence of the way. studies are east or west is connected with “Orient” or “Occident”  Orient is middle east of the world

What is "Orient"

       The "Orient" mean "East". It is traditional for anything that belong to the "Orient" or "East" and its Eastern culture. Orient historical name are "Ori"

What is "Occident"

          "Occident mean "The West" the countries of the west, especially European and American."  

Edward said

            "Orientalism is and does not simply represent a considerable dimension of modern, Political, intellectual culture."   

               The Orientalism divided the part

Civil	Uncivil
East	West
Orient	Occident
White	Muslim
Our	Their

     “My Orientalism is Middle East or Islam”

              Orientalist Points the slight change in the

attitude of the Europeans towards the Orientals. History, method,political and academic is a more important of the oriental. Qualification is that ideas,culture, and histories cannot seriously be understood. Human make history, human make their agency it your life. The Orientalism seizes on preconceptions such as there and uses them to define the entire religion and culture that

accompanies it. Immediately upon doing that an

India, Japan, china and other sections of regions were not important because one could discuss Europe's experience of the Near Orient. Orientalism is not just idea or valuable because it material and they are connected with power. Rena was works important are science, philosopher and idea of Orientalism.

                    In the final section of Orientalism, Said moves away from literary criticism to both academe and the media. Early Orientalism didn’t traditional and interacted, And new orients lived with them as if they were one of them. The interchange between the academic and the more or less imaginative meaning of orientalism is a constant one. Even in Second World War & in ArabIsraeli wars, the Arab is increasingly & repeatedly stereotyped. Arab is blamed for oil shortages. The Arab is also disrupts of the Israel and the west's existence. There appreciated life style, new trend, language or culture but they have other followed by role. Previous or future of orientalism was that culture/religion of orientalism. Thus, Islam was called mohammadism and Christ was called Christianity. Islamic orient was not enjoyed because they are part of old tradition and not involve into orient new tradition. Gibb or Massignon was the most famous Islamic oriental of this time. All the Europeans colonies were lost and it was believed that there no more “Orientals”

and “Occidents” they not really.

Conclusion

               Edward said that Orientalism are  power

dominant structures or constricting of the

way. Said also now associates the Orientalist drive with the 'mission civilsatrice' and with a move towards modernization. He shows the European-Western Imperial power along with the confused feelings of the Oriental countries towards the Western power. Said concept of very challing or they have clarify to the Orientalism.  Orientalism is all about geography, intellectualism, history and

politically corporate of the way.

My view about poem- "Mending Wall"

  Introduction 

              Mending wall poem is written by Robert frost. He was born on 26 March, 1874. Robert frost was written famous and interest poem ‘‘Mending Wall’’ is published in 1917. He was first unusual and natural and American popular poet. Robert frost was died on 20 January 1963. It is a neighbored and wall. “Mending” wall, it keeps the relationship between the two neighbors in good Condition. Take up a philosophical analysis of the purpose of the wall. 

Robert Frost

poem are two main important point.........

The Wall

The speaker’s neighbor

              “Mending Wall” is a Dramatic narrative poem. The narrator, a New England farmer, contacts his neighbor and between two farms. “Mending” considered as an adjective, the title suggests that the wall serves a more subtle function.

“I let my neighbor know beyond the hill”.

     

                The first line speaker begins with addressing the wall. Poem started with the the wall and they have main point of the Mending wall. The speaker sees both the practicality of maintaining the wall in some places and the impracticality of maintaining the wall where there is no physical need for it. That rather then poem divided the lines.  

First lines are.......

Something is a wishy-washy world and just about anything under the

 sun can qualify as “something”  

          By using “something” instead of “someone” over speaker suggests that human are not the only wall-destroying culprit around. The speaker sees both the practicality of maintaining the wall in some places.

             Next is 2 to 9 lines analysis to water, hunter and their Dog freezes it expands. This process the boulders debilitate and leave gaps in the wall that even two can pass walking side-by-side. Speaker approve of this allows people to communicate rather than set up divisions between them. While they do this their dogs are yipping until the hunters get the hare. After the hunters have broken through the wall, the speaker then repairs it.

 

                       10 to 15 lines are speaker does 

not know when the wall was made spring

 mending-time refers to a new born speaker fixes wall in spring. Apparently the speaker has a neighbor that lives over the hill

 “Wall between us” repetition emphasizing the wall irony on “wall” because it separates and brings together speaker and neighbor.

                  In the next line 16 to 19 repetition of “each” stresses their separateness and also the neighbor’s somewhat childish and attitude. They have to use a “spell” to have the boulders stay still so the wall won’t fall.

              Next is 20 to 24 lines are the

 speaker and neighbor’s fingers are rough 

because they are handling rocks. The speaker

 begins to see the wall as a part of a game. 

Literal: the speaker is being playful with his

 neighbor. The wall is not needed.  His 

neighbor owns pine trees and the speaker 

owns apple trees.

                    In another are lines 25-27 His apple trees will not grow to a point where it will interfere with the pine trees. The speaker personifies the apple trees. 24 lines are…..      

  

 “Good fences to make good neighbor”

"Neighbor wants to feel secure within own space, approves of wall, sees them as creation boundaries and fostering good neighborliness"

           28 to 32 lines are a spring makes the speaker mischievous baby learning messes with everything. If he can change the neighbor’s mind about having a wall. Fences make good neighbors since no cows are there to build a wall. 

        

                     Next is 33 to 36 lines are Wonders if the wall would offend anybody and Pun in “offense” or "A fence"

   Refers back to 1st line humans out there in the world that don’t love walls. Instead they want the wall down. 

            

          37 to 42 some natural thing in nature

 that does not approve of the presence of the 

wall. His true “motives” are starting to 

become clearer he wants to change the way his  

neighbor thinks...........

 What is the purpose of the wall?   

     The woods in the aforementioned line are 

on the edge of hell. This signifies that the 

neighbor is on the verge of insanity.

           Last three important line are 43 to 46 

the neighbor's saying..........

 “Good fences make good neighbors”

           His father’s tradition, and he wants to keep tradition of the wall. He is not prepared to think beyond that which he has been taught poem ends with the Repetation of his father’s words.

Conclusion 

            It is poem about two neighbors and Wall. If they can have dominant and personification of the way. “Mending Wall” is a poem that resists a literal reading. What begins as a simple poem about farm life becomes a criticism of all people whose perspectives are limited

 

My view about- The Novel: Themes, Background and Types

 Novels 

Introduction

        The Novel is an old from of the history of English literature. Novel was started during the time of Elizabethan Age. The first English novel is "Pamela" written by Richardson in 1740. Then the novel rapidly increases in the field of English literature but, the "Novel" as a literature from is new to India. It was partially non-existence in the Indian language. Besides Sanskrit novels, the first Indian languages appeared in 1884 and it is Bankimchandra Chatterjee's. So let us discuss the background, various theme and types if Indian novel. 

     

Background of the Novel  

                         The translation of western classics including novels followed such renderings would take the form of adaption, abridgement or even the bottaminiani translation. However, the real beginnings were with the work of great Bankimchandra Chatterjee (1838-1944), his first published effort Radioman’s wife 1884 was in English. Meanwhile, Raj Laxmi Devi's 'The Hindu wife' was published in 1881 and Khetrapal Chakravarti's 'sarata and Hinduka' in 1895.

1866 to 1886 novels.......

 'Kapalkundala'

 'vishavriksh'

'Anandnath'

'Devi Chaudhurain'

                    Rabindranath Tagore was a considerable novelist in India. He wrote one or two pieces under the giant shadow of Bakinchandra chatterjee. Tagore achieved his first success with Chokher Bali (1902). Then Saratchandra Chatterjee also went through Bankini's satge and Tagore's stage of imitative writing before our growing then both in his best work in

'Srikanta'

'Grihadaha'

'Bipradar'

'Sesprasna' 

Variety of Theme and Types

                  The novel in India whatever its medium is subject to the same or at least similar discontents and limitation. The novelist is apt either to turn in nostalgia to the past and glorify and idealized it, or turn to present in a zestier or protest is not elegist. There is a universal currency of sex and crime and the explosion of cheap paper backs with their garish Jackets.

            After the independence the more serious novelist has shown, how the joy of freedom have been neutralized by the tragedy of the 'partitiou'. The problem of a choice of subject, the choice of medium, the choice of technique, the choice of audience. This problem of choice at various levels bristal with endless difficult.

Historical Theme

                      History as the theme of creative fiction seems indeed to exercise a special facination for many an Indian novelist of yesterday and today. Ex- Vimala Rama's 'Amiba pali' takes as back to the days of 'Ajatshastra' and tells the story of the vaishali dancer. Who rejected a kimg's love and proffered to enter to Buddha's field. A.S.P. Ayer’s 'Chandkya' and 'Chandragupta' try to recapture life in ancient India. 

Novels of politics

         Some novels covered the second world war period in India, the growing charm between the Hindu and Muslim communities and the Bengal hungers like N.S.Phadke's "Leaves in the August wind?". Two of the best novels about the Gandhian civil also disobedience movement in the early thirties is K.S.Vankataramani's ''Kandan- the Patriot'' and Raja Rao's ''Kanthapura''

Theme of Partitioy

                 One of the most satisfying imaginative records of the partitioy are 'Khushwant singh's' ''Train to pakistan'' (1956). The whole horror is there, but humanity and compssion are there too. In Balachandra Raja's ''The dark dancer'. We also get glimpse of partition humors. As Devendra Satyarthi puts out.....

"Literature based on hate and prejudice can really be great. It was a draw of degradation and cause a draw of human decay. Showing how the minds of the two communities were of the two-nation theory''.

Novels of social criticism

               Like to the historical novels, the novels of social criticism and social protest also farinas distinctive group. Rameshchandra dutt's "The Lake of palurs", is a study of social life in Bengal towards the close of the 19th century. Ramakrishna's ''The Dive for Death'' is women around certain superstitions that make coward of the character.

Style and technology of Indian Novels     

             The Indian novelist is not usually attracted to the new techniques in plotting, narration or characterization. As a rule descriptions of sex life used to be prudish but the toriting in less inhabited in novels published in recent years. The stream of consciousness method of narration is hardly tried by the Indian novelist except G.V.Desni's ''All about H.Hatterr'' and 

Anita Desai in 'peacock and vices in the city'.

              It was mentioned earlier that, since Baking’s time, the Sanyasi has often figured in Indian novels. In Bhabani Bhattachary's 'kalo', 'The Bogus swami' takes advantage of human gullibility’s. In R.K.Narayan's ''The Guide''- Raju is a swami by mistake.

Conclusion

           Numberless novels are published and they are clearly of unequal quality. The best novels are not many, but there are some very good novels. Thus the Indo-Anglican literature continues to grow and flourish these entire novelist and many have considerably enriched. Indo-Anglican fiction "It has, indeed, bright future''